Executive Order of President Eisenhower dated August 21, , provided for the arrangement of the stars in nine rows of stars staggered horizontally and eleven rows of stars staggered vertically.
Flag Facts. National Portrait Gallery Russell Means. The Civil War was engulfing the nation when Nevada was admitted as the 36th state on Oct. Nevada was pro-Union and President Abraham Lincoln saw Nevada's admission as a way to buttress support for the war.
To speed up statehood, Nevada sent its entire state constitution to Washington, D. Grant , and Rutherford B. Hayes Nebraska was the first state to be admitted to the Union after the Civil War. After the Civil War, rapid economic development accelerated by the growth of railroads helped speed Nebraska's admission to the Union on March 1, , becoming the nation's 37th state and the 37th star on the flag.
Hayes , James A. Garfield , Chester A. Arthur , Grover Cleveland , and Benjamin Harrison Colorado, a territory that partially came with the Louisiana Purchase in , became the 38th state to join the Union on Aug. Grant approved it. The star flag would fly for 13 years. A flurry of state admissions boosted the star total on the flag to 43 by July 4, , as statehood filled out the United States in the high plains and the far west. Five states were admitted to the Union and five stars added to the flag: North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Washington all in , and Idaho in Six states were admitted to the Union when President Benjamin Harrison was president, more than any other president.
Wyoming was the last of the six, boosting the number of stars on the flag to Wyoming was admitted on July 10, , even though it was 5,people short of the 60,person requirement to become a state.
Utah became a state on Jan. However, the area that would become Utah had been part of the United States since the nation received the territory as part of a treaty that ended the Mexican-American War in Mormons settled in the area, and their practice of polygamy prevented Utah from becoming a state until Mormons renounced polygamy in the state constitution.
Taft Oklahoma became the first state to be admitted to the Union in the 20th century, on Nov. The United States had used the Oklahoma territory to resettle Native American people, but by the late 19th century, Texas ranchers began moving northward and the federal government decided to open up the territory for homesteaders.
Roosevelt , Harry S. Given the scant archaeological and written evidence, it is unknown which design was the most popular at that time. The origin of the stars and stripes design is uncertain.
A popular story credits Betsy Ross for sewing the first flag from a pencil sketch by George Washington who personally commissioned her for the job. Another woman, Rebecca Young, has also been credited as having made the first flag by later generations of her family.
Another, more likely, popular theory is that the flag was designed by Congressman Francis Hopkinson. Hopkinson was the only person to have made such a claim during his own lifetime, when he sent a bill to Congress for his work. The payment was not made, however, because it was determined he had already received a salary as a member of Congress, and he was not the only person to have contributed to the design.
It should be noted that no one else contested his claim at the time. In , the number of stars and stripes was increased from 13 to 15 to reflect the entry of Vermont and Kentucky as states of the union.
The name Old Glory was given to a large, byfoot flag by its owner, William Driver, a sea captain from Massachusetts. Driver was able to fly the flag over the Tennessee Statehouse once the war ended. The flag is a primary artifact at the National Museum of American History and was last displayed in Tennessee by permission of the Smithsonian at an exhibition in Between and Congress passed several acts that changed the shape, design and arrangement of the flag and allowed stars and stripes to be added to reflect the admission of each new state.
Today the flag consists of 13 horizontal stripes, seven red alternating with six white. The stripes represent the original 13 Colonies and the stars represent the 50 states of the Union.
The colors of the flag are symbolic as well; red symbolizes hardiness and valor, white symbolizes purity and innocence, and blue represents vigilance, perseverance and justice. This preservation effort began in earnest in June , and continues to this day.
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