High-grade lymphomas need to be treated straight away, but tend to respond much better to treatment and can often be cured. Overall, most cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are considered very treatable. You can read more detailed information about the outlook for non-Hodgkin lymphoma on the Cancer Research UK website. But there's a risk of long-term problems after treatment, including infertility and an increased risk of developing another type of cancer in the future.
Page last reviewed: 19 October Next review due: 19 October The lymphatic system is part of your immune system. Find out more about the symptoms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma Information: Coronavirus advice Get advice about coronavirus and cancer: Macmillan: Coronavirus guidance for people with cancer Cancer Research UK: Coronavirus and cancer.
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Your in-depth coping with cancer guide will be in your inbox shortly. You will also receive emails from Mayo Clinic on the latest about cancer news, research, and care. Doctors aren't sure what causes lymphoma. But it begins when a disease-fighting white blood cell called a lymphocyte develops a genetic mutation.
The mutation tells the cell to multiply rapidly, causing many diseased lymphocytes that continue multiplying. The mutation also allows the cells to go on living when other normal cells would die. This causes too many diseased and ineffective lymphocytes in your lymph nodes and causes the lymph nodes, spleen and liver to swell. Lymphoma care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission.
This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Parts of the immune system Open pop-up dialog box Close. Recurrence may occur at any time, including shortly after the first treatment or years later. If the lymphoma does return, there will be another round of tests to learn about the extent of the recurrence.
These tests and scans are often similar to those done at the time of the original diagnosis. In addition to stage, doctors use other prognostic factors to help plan the best treatment and predict how well this treatment will work.
For people with Hodgkin lymphoma, several factors can predict whether the disease will return and which treatments will be successful. The lymphoma may be described as "high-risk disease" or "low-risk disease" based on how many of the following prognostic factors there are. Other prognostic factors that are considered, especially for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma, include:.
A higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or ESR see "Laboratory tests" in Diagnosis , is associated with a poorer prognosis. People with lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma, and lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma have a better prognosis, compared with other types of Hodgkin lymphoma. A mediastinal lymph node mass, located in the center of the chest, that is larger than 10 cm is associated with a poorer prognosis.
Small mediastinal masses are not associated with a poorer prognosis. The next section in this guide is Types of Treatment. Use the menu to choose a different section to read in this guide.
Lymphoma - Hodgkin: Stages Approved by the Cancer. When staging Hodgkin lymphoma, doctors evaluate the following: The number of cancerous lymph node areas. Lymphoma stage groupings The stage of Hodgkin lymphoma describes the extent of the spread of the tumor, using the terms "stage I" to "stage IV" 1 through 4.
Stage II: Any of the following conditions applies: Stage II: The lymphoma is in 2 or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. Prognostic factors In addition to stage, doctors use other prognostic factors to help plan the best treatment and predict how well this treatment will work. Factors that are considered less favorable and lead to a poorer prognosis include: Being male. Age 45 and older.
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